Social Insurance originally began in the late 1800s in Germany, and by the time the U.S. adopted its Social Security program in 1935, about 20 countries already had similar programs in effect. The basic idea behind social insurance is to work hard during able years to insure against the hazards of sickness, accident, involuntary unemployment, and old age. Whether someone wants to work or not, sometimes there are circumstances beyond one’s control that prohibit working. The system has worked and has served people well over the years. Looming fiscal crisis aside, the program has been successful.
However, while Social Security has been successful, it’s not enough. Most people are not able to delay gratification on their own. And I think we can all agree that having poor old people is not in any way a benefit to society. Having a bunch of poor old people will just cost us more money down the road. And if you don’t think that having poor old people is likely, just check out some of the statistics. Of people aged 50-65, more than 60% have less than $6,500 saved in their retirement accounts. At the age of 24, my fiance and I have as much saved for retirement as about 75% of people ages 50-65. Now, that is scary.
Investing for retirement is just like anything else in life. While some people can do it on their own, most people need a professional to handle it. Investing is like repairing a car. Many of us could learn to do it, but we don’t. Some people spend a lot of time research car repairs, reading car repair forums, and they repair their own cars well. It’s just like personal finance. Some people read personal finance blog and forums, and can invest for themselves. However, for most people, this clearly is not the case.
So, if low and middle-income earnings are not saving enough, what’s the solution? I think that automatically-enrolled accounts similar to IRAs are the answer. When employees begin working with an employer they should automatically be enrolled in a savings/investment account that would function much in the same was as a Roth IRA. Here are a few of my thoughts for this proposed account:
- The account would be opt-out. That means that all employees would be automatically enrolled. This would significantly boost the percentage of participants. Consider the organ donor program. In the U.S., you have a fill-out an additional paper at the DMV to become a donor, which results in about a 25% opting-in. In countries that utilize an opt-out system, such as Austria and Sweden, the percentage of people who have consented to donating organs is above 90%. An opt-out investment account would allow anybody who doesn’t want to participate to opt-out, it would just remove the barriers from opting-in, and thus result in more people saving for retirement.
- There are a lot of investment options out there to fit anybody’s financial profile. I think that it would be best to be conservative with the automatic investment and then allow investers to tweak their risk profile. A good starter investment would be a target-date retirement fund that starts with a higher-than-typical allocation to “safe investments”. For someone young, this might be 60% equity, 40% bonds. For someone aged 50, this might be 40% equity, 60% bonds. The key here is that the person is investing as opposed to not investing. That’s the first big step.
- I’d hazard to guess that most high income earners would rather self-direct their investments, and would choose to opt-out. However, low to middle-income earners are less likely to opt-out of the investment plan. And they’re the ones that need the most help saving for retirement.
- To further encourage use of this account and to offer similar benefits to an employer match, I think that 50% of any amount up to $3,000 should be a tax credit to lower and middle-income families. People with good jobs and employers who offer 401(k)s typically get employer matches, why should poor and middle-income people be excluded?
I’m not the only one that thinks this would work. Senators in California are currently working on SB 1234. Although I don’t think the bill is aggressive enough, it’s absolutely a step in the right direction. Employees who are not offered retirement accounts through their employers would be automatically enrolled in a low-fee, low-risk retirement savings plan. Unless employees opt-out, an automatic 3% of earnings would be contributed on their behalf. The funds would be pooled and likely managed by CalPERS. This makes sense, as it’s been proven that pooling funds decreases administration costs, and these reduced fees and result in a final nest egg about 30% greater than funds that are not pooled. The proposal is for a 50-50 stock-bond portfolio. I think this offers enough safety while still getting the upside from investing. If someone wants a different allocation, they can always opt-out. In all likelihood, the plan would offer some type of guaranteed return, which would be underwritten by insurers to insure that tax payers would not be footing the bill if actual returns were lower.
I think that California’s opt-out retirement plan is a huge step in the right direction and it’s something I’m excited about. Yes, it’s nerdy to get giddy about a bill proposing a new investment account. But that’s what I do. I think that, if implemented well, this could benefit a lot of people (those who participate, as well as those who do not) and this could lay the framework for a national policy involving out-out retirement accounts.
More than 60% of people 50-65 have less than $6,500 saved in their retirement accounts is a scary statistic that led to the birth of Bucksprout. America is not building wealth. It’s great you not only recognize the huge problem in America but offer solutions.
I love the idea of an opt out retirement plan. I’ve had employees work for many years and never sign up for our retirement plan, even though we give a 3% match. That’s just throwing money away. I’m skeptical something like that will ever pass. Some group will come forward with the reason that this will take advantage of lower income persons or uneducated persons who don’t understand how it works. It would be exciting though. I’ll hope for the best.